Part 1: Political Behaviors
PC1. Electoral participation vs abstention
PC2. Electoral behavior
PC3. Different forms of political participation

Part 2: Political Attitudes
PC4. Political preferences
PC5. Political sophistication and interest
PC6. Political trust and satisfaction

Students can choose to complete the curricular unit through assessment throughout the semester or by exam.

The assessment throughout the semester has the following components:

a) Class participation and practical exercises (25%) – Value is placed on relevant contributions that demonstrate engagement with the subject matter, attentive behaviour during lessons, participation in debates, and the outcomes of exercises carried out in class.

b) Essay proposal (25%) – A preliminary plan for the individual essay (component c), including a research question and a brief literature review (max. 300 words), as well as a preliminary bibliography (max. 20 references). This is submitted in writing and will receive feedback from the lecturer to support the development of the final essay.

c) Individual written essay (50%) – A literature review on a topic related to the course unit, written in a structured and critical manner. The essay should be guided by a clear research question and may optionally include the presentation and discussion of empirical data (max. 5000 words, excluding references, figures, and tables).

All assessment components are mandatory.

Mandatory

Berinsky, Adam (ed, 2020), New Directions in Public Opinion. Londres: Routledge.
Dalton, Russell (2019), Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies (7.ª ed.). Londres: Sage.
Dalton, Russell e Hans-Dieter Klingemann (eds, 2007), The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Freire, André (2022), Left and Right: meaning and correlates in new and long consolidated democracies, Moldova: Eliva Press.
Fisher, Justin, et al (eds, 2018), The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion, Londres: Routledge.
Lobo, Marina Costa e Ana Espírito-Santo (2023), O Eleitorado Português no Século XXI. Lisboa: Tinta da china.
van Deth, Jan, José Ramón Montero e Anders Westholm (eds, 2007), Citizenship and involvement in European democracies: a comparative analysis. Londres: Routledge.

Optional

Albertson, B., & Gadarian, S. K. (2015). Anxious politics: Democratic citizenship in a threatening world. Cambridge University Press.
Bartolini, S., & Mair, P. (1990). Identity, competition, and electoral availability: The stabilisation of European electorates, 1885–1985. Cambridge University Press.
Benedetto, G., Hix, S., & Mastrorocco, N. (2020). The rise and fall of social democracy, 1918–2017. American Political Science Review, 114(3), 928–939.
Bischof, D., & Wagner, M. (2019). Do voters polarize when radical parties enter parliament? American Journal of Political Science, 63(4), 888–904.
Brader, T. (2005). Striking a responsive chord: How political ads motivate and persuade voters by appealing to emotions. American Journal of Political Science, 49(2), 388–405.
Brady, H. E., Verba, S., & Schlozman, K. L. (1995). Beyond SES: A resource model of political participation. American Political Science Review, 89(2), 271–294.
Chandra, K. (2006). What is ethnic identity and does it matter? Annual Review of Political Science, 9(1), 397–424.
Choi, D. D., Poertner, M., & Sambanis, N. (2019). Parochialism, social norms, and discrimination against immigrants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(33), 16274–16279.
Converse, P. E. (1964). The nature of belief systems in mass publics. In D. Apter (Ed.), Ideology and discontent (pp. 206–261). Free Press.
Costa, E., Silva, P., & Espírito-Santo, A. (2024). Género e voto em Portugal: onde está o gender gap? In M. C. Lobo & A. Espírito-Santo (Eds.), O Eleitorado Português no Século XXI. Tinta da China.
Dalton, R. J. (2021). The representation gap and political sophistication: A contrarian perspective. Comparative Political Studies, 54(5), 889–917.
Dalton, R., van Sickle, A., & Weldon, S. (2010). The Individual-Institutional Nexus of Protest Behaviour. British Journal of Political Science, 40(1), 51-73.
Delli Carpini, M. X., & Keeter, S. (1996). What Americans know about politics and why it matters. Yale University Press.
Dinas, E., & Northmore-Ball, K. (2020). The ideological shadow of authoritarianism. Comparative Political Studies, 53(12), 1957–1991.
Duch, R. M., & Stevenson, R. T. (2008). The economic vote: How political and economic institutions condition election results. Cambridge University Press.
Easton, D. (1965). A Systems Analysis of Political Life. Wiley.
Easton, D. (1975). A re-assessment of the concept of political support. British Journal of Political Science, 5(4), 435–457.
Fernandes, J. M., & Won, M. (2023). The unintended consequences of amplifying the radical right on Twitter. Political Communication, 40(6), 742–767.
Fernandes, J. M., Lopes da Fonseca, M., & Won, M. (2024). Political competition and the effectiveness of gender quotas: Evidence from Portugal. The Journal of Politics, 86(1), 183-198.
Fiorina, M. P., & Abrams, S. J. (2008). Political polarization in the American public. Annual Review of Political Science, 11, 563–588.
Flanagan, S. C., & Lee, A. R. (2003). The new politics, culture wars, and the authoritarian-libertarian value change in advanced industrial democracies. Comparative Political Studies, 36(3), 235–270.
Freire, A. (2001). Modelos do Comportamento Eleitoral: Uma breve introdução crítica. Celta Editora.
Freire, A. (2022). Left and Right: Meaning and correlates in new and long consolidated democracies. Eliva Press.
Freire, A., Carvalho, H., & Queiroga, V. (2024). Polarização partidária e voto ideológico em Portugal. In M. C. Lobo & A. Espírito-Santo (Eds.), O Eleitorado Português no Século XXI. Tinta da China.
Garzia, D., Reiljan, A., Ferreira da Silva, F., & Trechsel, A. (2025). Affective Polarization. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1981
Gerber, A. S., Green, D. P., & Larimer, C. W. (2008). Social pressure and voter turnout: Evidence from a large-scale field experiment. American Political Science Review, 102(1), 33–48.
Hainmueller, J., & Hopkins, D. J. (2014). Public attitudes toward immigration. Annual Review of Political Science, 17(1), 225–249.
Hainmueller, J., & Hopkins, D. J. (2015). The hidden American immigration consensus: A conjoint analysis of attitudes toward immigrants. American Journal of Political Science, 59(3), 529–548.
Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2018). Cleavage theory meets Europe’s crises. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(1), 109–135.
Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2025). How does the education cleavage stack up against the classic cleavages of the past? West European Politics (Online First).
Hooghe, L., Marks, G., & Kamphorst, J. (2025). Field of education and political behavior: Predicting GAL/TAN voting. American Political Science Review, 119(2), 794–811.
Hopkins, D. J., Sides, J., & Citrin, J. (2019). The muted consequences of correct information about immigration. The Journal of Politics, 81(1), 315–320.
Huddy, L. (2001). From social to political identity. Political Psychology, 22(1), 127–156.
Iyengar, S., & Westwood, S. J. (2015). Fear and loathing across party lines: New evidence on group polarization. American Journal of Political Science, 59(3), 690–707.
Iyengar, S., Sood, G., & Lelkes, Y. (2012). Affect, not ideology: A social identity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(3), 405–431.
Krause, W., Cohen, D., & Abou-Chadi, T. (2023). Does accommodation work? Mainstream party strategies and the success of radical right parties. Political Science Research and Methods, 11(1), 172–179.
Kriesi, H., Grande, E., Lachat, R., Dolezal, M., Bornschier, S., & Frey, T. (2006). Globalization and the transformation of the national political space: Six European countries compared. European Journal of Political Research, 45(6), 921–956.
Lawless, J. L., & Fox, R. L. (2010). It still takes a candidate: Why women don't run for office. Cambridge University Press.
Levi, M., & Stoker, L. (2000). Political trust and trustworthiness. Annual Review of Political Science, 3, 475–507.
Lipset, S. M., & Rokkan, S. (1967). Cleavage structures, party systems, and voter alignments: An introduction. In S. M. Lipset & S. Rokkan (Eds.), Party systems and voter alignments: Cross-national perspectives (pp. 1–64). Free Press.
Lupia, A., & McCubbins, M. D. (1998). The Democratic Dilemma: Can citizens learn what they need to know? Cambridge University Press.
Luskin, R. C. (1987). Measuring political sophistication. American Journal of Political Science, 31(4), 856–899.
Magalhães, P. C. (2017). Regime support. In J. Fisher et al. (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Elections, Voting Behavior and Public Opinion (pp. 416–428). Routledge.
Marcus, G. E., & MacKuen, M. (1993). Anxiety, enthusiasm, and the vote: The emotional underpinnings of learning and involvement during presidential campaigns. American Political Science Review, 87(3), 672–685.
Posner, D. N. (2004). The political salience of cultural difference: Why Chewas and Tumbukas are allies in Zambia and adversaries in Malawi. American Political Science Review, 98(4), 529–545.
Reiljan, A., Garzia, D., Ferreira da Silva, F., & Trechsel, A. H. (2024). Patterns of affective polarization toward parties and leaders across the democratic world. American Political Science Review, 118(2), 654–670.
Riker, W. H., & Ordeshook, P. C. (1968). A theory of the calculus of voting. American Political Science Review, 62(1), 25–42.
Santana-Pereira, J., & Cancela, J. (2020). Demand without supply? Populist attitudes and voting behaviour in post-bailout Portugal. South European Society and Politics, 25(2), 205–228.
Stockemer, D. (2017). What affects voter turnout? A review article/meta-analysis of aggregate research. Government and Opposition, 52(4), 698–722.
Teperoglou, E., & Tsatsanis, E. (2011). A new divide? The impact of globalisation on national party systems. West European Politics, 34(6), 1207–1228.
Theocharis, Y., & van Deth, J. W. (2018). The continuous expansion of citizen participation: A new taxonomy. European Political Science Review, 10(1), 139–163.
Valentim, V. (2021). Parliamentary representation and the normalization of radical right support. Comparative Political Studies, 54(14), 2475–2511.
van Deth, J., Montero, J. R., & Westholm, A. (Eds.). (2007). Citizenship and Involvement in European Democracies: A Comparative Analysis. Routledge.
Vries, C. E., & Hobolt, S. B. (2020). Political entrepreneurs: The rise of challenger parties in Europe. Princeton University Press.
Weiss, C. M. (2021). Diversity in health care institutions reduces Israeli patients’ prejudice toward Arabs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(14), e2022634118.
Zaller, J., & Feldman, S. (1992). A simple theory of the survey response: Answering questions versus revealing preferences. American Journal of Political Science, 36(3), 579–616.

1. Electoral Systems: Types and Political Consequences.
2. Political Parties and Political Representation: Classical Models and New Trends.
3. Political Elites: Patterns of Recruitment.
4. The State of Representative Democracy in the World.
5. Social and Political change - Portugal and Worldwide.

a) Group presentation - 25%; b) Written essay (10 pages) - 75%.
OR
Exam

Mandatory

André Freire, Eleições, Partidos e Representação Política, Lisboa, Gradiva, 2024.
Daloz, Jean-Pascalk (2017), La Représentation Politique, Paris, Armand Colin.
Freire, André (organizador) (2015), O Futuro da Representação Política Democrática, Lisboa, Nova Vega.
Freire, André, Mélany Barragan, Xavier Coler, Marco Lisi & Emmanouil Tsatsanis (editors) (2020), Political representation in Southern Europe and Latin America. (?.), London, Routledge.
Gunther, Richard, & Larry Diamond (2003), «Species of Political Parties. A New Typology», Party Politics, Vol. 9, Nº 2, pp. 167-199.
Martins, Manuel Meirinho (2008), Representação Política. Eleições e Sistemas Eleitorais - Uma Introdução, Lisboa, ISCSP-UTL.
Mair, Peter (2014), On Parties, Party Systems and Democracy ? (?), Londres, ECPR.
Rosema, Martin, Denters, Bas, & Aarts, Kees (2011), How Democracy Works. Political Representation and Policy Congruence in Modern Societies, Utrecht, Pallas Publications.

Optional

Partes I e II
Mandatory readings:
I Representação política: conceitos fundamentais, operacionalização e principais resultados
Texto 1:
Eulau, Heinz, & Karps, Paul D. (1977), «The Puzzle of Representation: Specifying components of Responsiveness»., Legislative Studies Quarterly, II, nº 3, pp. 233-254.
Texto 2:
Andweg, Rudy B., & Thomassen, Jacques J. A. (2005), «Modes of Political Representation: Towards a New Typology», Legislative Studies Quarterly, XXX, nº 4, pp. 507-.
(Ou, apenas para o caso de existirem alunos com dificuldades sérias em Português: Freire, André (2015), «O Futuro da democracia representativa», in Freire, André (organizador), O Futuro da Representação Política Democrática, Lisboa, Nova Vega, pp. 15-52 (até cenários para o futuro, exclusive).
Texto 3:
Mansbridge, Jane. (1999). Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent "Yes". The
Journal of Politics, 61 (3), 628-657. DOI: 10.2307/2647821.
Texto 4:
Espírito-Santo, Ana, Freire, André, & Serra-Silva, Sofia (2018), «Does women?s descriptive representation matter for policy preferences? The role of political parties», Party Politics, 1st online, DOI: 10.1177/1354068818764011
II ? Sistemas eleitorais, ideologia e representação política
Texto 5:
Huber, John D., & G. Bingham Powell, Jr. (1994), ?Congruence Between Citizens and Policymakers in Two Visions of Liberal Democracy?, World Politics, 46 (3), pp. 291-326.
Texto 6:
Freire, André & Augusta Correia (2020), «Ideological and policy representation in Portugal, before and after the Great Recession, 2008-2017», in Marco Lisi, André Freire & Emmanouil Tsatsanis (editors) (2020), Political Representation and Citizenship in Portugal: from Crisis to Renewal?, Lexington Books ? Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 107-128.
Texto 7:
Golder, Matt, & Stramski, Jacek (2010), ?Ideological congruence and electoral institutions: conceptualization and measurement?, American Journal of Political Science, 54, pp. 90-106. (há versão em português em Freire, A., & Viegas, J. M. L. (ed.) (2009), Representação Política: O Caso Português em Perspetiva Comparada, Lisboa: Sextante, pp. 181-224).
Texto 8:
Audrey, André, André Freire & Zsófia Papp (2014), ?Electoral rules and Legislators? Personal Vote-Seeking?, in Kris Deschouwer & Sam Depaw (editors), Representing the people. A survey among members of statewide and substate parliaments,
Oxford University Press, pp. 87-109.
Parte III
III ? Partidos políticos e representação política
Texto 9:
Katz, Richard S., & Peter Mair (1995), ?Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy?, Party Politics, 1: 1, pp. 5-28.
Texto 10:
Rose, Richard (2014), ?Responsible Party Government in a World of Interdependence?, West European Politics, 37:2, pp. 253-269.
Texto 11:
Mair, Peter (2003), ?Os partidos e a democracia?, Análise Social, XXXVIII:167, 277-293.
Texto 12:
Belchior, Ana (2013), ?Explaining Left?Right Party Congruence Across European Party Systems
A Test of Micro-, Meso-, and Macro-Level Models?, Comparative Political Studies, 46 (3), 352-386.
EXTRA - Complementary and optional readings (only indications to build the final essay):
I ? Representação política: conceitos fundamentais, operacionalização e principais resultados (19 títulos)
Achen, Christopher H. (1978), «Measuring representation», American Journal of Political Science, 22, nº3, pp. 475-510.
APSA - American Political Science Association (1950), «Toward a More Responsible Two-Party System», American Political Science Review, 22, pp. 475-510.
Catroga, Fernando, & P. Tavares de Almeida (orgs.) (2010), Respublica: Cidadania e Representação Política em Portugal, 1820-1926, Lisboa, Assembleia da República ? Coleção Parlamento.
Faria, Alessandra Maia Terra de (2010), On the Social and the Political: Theories of Political Representation
Beyond the universal suffrage, Londres, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. (há edição em Português, no Brasil: Faria, Alessandra Maia Terra de (2020), Teorias da representação política, ed. ? Curitiba: Appris, 2020. 167 pp.)
Fernandes, Jorge M. & Cristina Leston-Bandeira (eds.), Iberian Legislatures in Comparative Perspective, Oxon, Routledge
Freire, A., & Viegas, J. M. L. (ed.) (2009), Representação Política: O Caso Português em Perspetiva Comparada, Lisboa: Sextante.
Freire, André, Marco Lisi & José Manuel Leite Viegas (organizadores) (2015a), Crise Económica, Políticas de Austeridade e Representação Política, Lisboa, Assembleia da República, Coleção Parlamento.
Freire, André, Marco Lisi & José Manuel Leite Viegas (organizadores) (2015b), Representação e Participação Política na Europa em Crise, Lisboa, Assembleia da República, Coleção Parlamento.
Freire, André, Marco Lisi, Ioannis Andreadis & José Manuel Leite Viegas (2014), Special Issue ?Political Representation in times of Bailout: Evidence from Portugal and Greece?, South European Society and Politics, Vol. 19, nº 4, pp. 413-559 (6 artigos mais uma introdução dos organizadores). http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/fses20/19/4#.VLO08fl_slI
McDonald, M. & Budge, I. (2005) Election, Parties, Democracy, Oxford e Nova Iorque: Oxford University Press.
Esaiasson, Peter, e Holmberg, Sören (1996), Representation from Above. Members of Parliament and Representative Democracy in Sweden, Aldershot, Dartmouth.
Laver, Michael (ed.) (2001), Estimating the Policy Position of Political Actors, London, Routledge.
Manin, Bernard (1995), Principes du Gouvernement Représentatif, Mesnil-sur-l?Estrée, Éditions Calmann-Lévy.
Miller, Warren, e Stokes, Donald (1963), «Constituency influence in Congress», in American Science Review, 57, nº1, pp. 45-56.
Pitkin, Hanna F. (1967), The Concept of Representation, Berkley, Los Angeles e Londres, University of California Press.
Powell, G. B. jr. (2004), ?Political representation in comparative politics?, Annual Review of Political Science 7: 273?96.
Roper, Brian S. (2013), The History of Democracy ? A Marxist Interpretation, Londres, Pluto Press.
Rosanvallon, Pierre (2006), La Contre-Démocratie. La Politique à L?Age de la Défiance, Paris, Éditions du Seuil.
Urbinati, Nadia (2006), Representative Democracy. Principles and Genealogy, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
II ? Sistemas eleitorais, ideologia e representação política (15 títulos)
Carey, John M. & Matthew S. Shugart (1995) ?Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote:
a Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas?, Electoral Studies, 14: 4, 417-39.
Costa, Olivier, André Freire & Jean-Benoit Pilet (2012), Symposium ?Political representation in Belgium, France, and Portugal: MPs and their constituents in very different political systems?, organizado para a Revista Representation ? Journal of Representative Democracy, Volume 48 (4), pp. 351-418. (4 artigos mais introdução dos organizadores) http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rrep20/48/4#.UeKDII1JPpU
Downs, Anthony (1957), An economic theory of democracy, New York, Harper & Row.
Freire, André (editor) (2011), Eleições e Sistemas Eleitorais no século XX Português: Um Balanço
Histórico e Comparativo, Lisboa, Colibri.
Freire, André & Ana Belchior (2013), ??Ideological Representation in Portugal: MPs-Electors Linkages in Terms of Left-Right Placement and Substantive Meaning?, Journal of Legislative Studies, 19, No.1 (March 2013). Online version available in December 2012: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13572334.2013.736784
Freire, André & Manuel Meirinho (2010), número especial «Sistema
eleitoral e qualidade da democracia», Eleições, 12, DGAI-MAI (ex-STAPE), pp. 1-144.
Karvonen, Lauri (2004), ?Preferential Voting: Incidence and Effects?, International Political Science Review, Vol. 25, 2, pp. 203-226.
Lijphart, A. (2012), Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries, Yale, Yale U. Press, 2012.
Lisi, Marco, André Freire & Emmanouil Tsatsanis (editors) (2020), Political Representation and Citizenship in Portugal: from Crisis to Renewal?, Lexington Books ? Rowman & Littlefield.
Miller, Warren et al. (eds.) (1999), Policy Representation in Western Democracies, Oxford e Nova Iorque, Oxford University Press.
Pereira, Paulo Trigo, & Silva, João Andrade (2009), ?Citizens? freedom to choose
representatives: ballot structure, proportionality and fragmented parliaments?, Electoral Studies, 28, pp. 101-110.
Powell, G. Bingham Jr. (2000), Elections as Instruments of Democracy, New Haven e Londres: Yale University Press
Wessels, Bernhard (2007), ?Political representation and democracy? in Dalton, Russell J., and Klingemann, Hans-Dieter (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 833-850.
III ? Partidos políticos e representação política (21 títulos)
Alonso, Sonia, Keane, John, & Merkel, Wolfgang (organizadores) (2011), The Future of Representative Democracy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Avritzer, Leonardo (2016), Impasses da Democracia no Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Civilização Brasileiras.
Bermeo, Nancy, & Bartels, Larry M. (organizadores) (2014) Mass Politics in Tough Times: Opinions, Votes, and Protest in the Great Recession, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Dalton, Russel J., & Martin P. Wattenberg (orgs.) (2000), Parties Without Partisans. Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Della Porta, D., & Diani, M. (2006), Social Movements. An Introduction, Londres, Blackwell.
Duverger, Maurice (1951), Les Partis Politiques, Paris: Libraire Armand Colin.
Crouch, Colin (2004), Post-Democracy, London, Polity Press.
Hermet, Guy, Julien T. Hottinger & Daniel-L. Seiler(orgs.),(1998), Les Partis Politiques en Europe de l'Ouest, Paris,Economica.
Jalali, Carlos (2007), Partidos e Democracia em Portugal 1974-2005, Lisboa, Imprensa de Ciências Sociais.
Katz, Richard S., e William Crotty (orgs.) (2006), Handbook of Party Politics, Londres, Sage.
Lisi, Marco (2011), Os Partidos Políticos Em Portugal: Continuidade e Transformação, Coimbra, Almedina.
Lopes, F. Farelo (2004), Os Partidos Políticos. Modelos e Realidades na Europa Ocidental e em Portugal, Oeiras, Celta.
Lopes, F. Farelo, & Freire, A. (2002); Partidos Políticos e Sistemas Eleitorais. Uma Introdução, Oeiras, Celta.
Mair, Peter (1997), «Party Systems and Structures of Competition», Party System Change,. Approaches and Interpretations, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 199-224.
Mair, Peter (2013), Ruling the Void. The Hollowing of Western Democracy, Londres, Verso Editions.
Mair, Peter, & Cas Mudde, «The Party Family and Its Study«, Annual Review of Political Science, 1998,1,pp.211-229.
Sartori, G. (1976, 1990), ?A typology of party systems?, in P. Mair (1990), The West European Party System, Oxford, OUP, pp. 316-350.
Schmitter, Philipe, & Trechsel, Alexander H. (editors) (2004), The Future of Democracy in Europe ? Trends, Analyses and Reforms, Strasbourg, Council of Europe Publishing.
Stock, M. José (org.) (2005), Velhos e Novos Actores Políticos. Partidos e Movimentos Sociais, Lisboa, Universidade Aberta.
Teixeira, M. C. Pequito (2009), O Povo Semi Soberano. Partidos Políticos e Recrutamento Parlamentar em Portugal (1990-2003), Coimbra, Almedina.
Ware, Alan (1997), Political Parties and Party Systems, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

CP1 - The Research Process
1.1 Introduction to the Research Process in Social Sciences
1.2 The Stages of the Research Process
1.3 Research Methods and Techniques: Key Notions and Characteristics
CP2 - Extensive Research
2.1 Extensive Research: Main Characteristics
2.2 Planning and Conducting Surveys using Questionnaires
2.3 Key Sampling Techniques
2.4 Types of Questions, Construction, and Validation of Questionnaires
2.5 Online Surveys
CP3 - Intensive Research
3.1 Intensive Research: Main Characteristics
3.2 Types of Interviews and Levels of Directiveness
3.3 Planning and Conducting Interviews
3.4 Developing Interview Guides
CP4 - Analysis and Interpretation of Quantitative and Qualitative Data
4.1 Structure of quantitative databases
4.2 Variables and Types of Variables
4.3 Interpretation of Tables and Graphs and their Suitability to Types of Variables
4.4 Content Analysis of Interviews and Other Documents

Students can choose one of the two assessment methods established for this UC in accordance with the General Regulation on Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (RGACC) of ISCTE: Assessment throughout the semester and Assessment by exam.

Assessment throughout the semester: This assessment method consists of two components: Methodological Applications Pathway (60%) and Group Assignment (40%).

a) Methodological Applications Pathway: This component consists of a sequence of methodological exercises that challenge students to apply the knowledge acquired in each block of programmatic contents of the UC. The exercises are completed individually throughout the semester, either synchronously or asynchronously, allowing for continuous assessment of students and their progress in the field of social research methods. To remain assessed throughout the semester, students may opt to skip the submission of only one of the proposed methodological exercises. The grade obtained in this component accounts for 60% of the final grade for the UC.

b) Group Assignment: This component involves analyzing two empirical studies, one intensive and one extensive, based on the examination of two master’s theses related to the students' areas of interest. Preference should be given to analyzing master’s theses developed within the scientific field of the student's enrolled master's program. The work can be done in groups (two members) or individually. The document must be written according to the structure proposed by the teaching team. To remain assessed throughout the semester, students must achieve a minimum grade of 10 points on the Group Assignment. The grade obtained in this component accounts for 40% of the final grade for the UC.

In addition to the minimum requirements for each component, assessment throughout the semester requires students to attend at least 60% of the classes.

Assessment by exam: This assessment occurs exclusively during the exam period and covers all the material taught in the curricular unit, with both theoretical and theoretical-practical questions. It consists of an individual written exam designed to evaluate both the practical skills for applying social research methods and the theoretical knowledge gained from reading the main bibliography. Students who have chosen this assessment method, as well as those who did not pass the assessment throughout the semester, are eligible for this assessment method.

Mandatory

Albarello, L. et al. (2011). Práticas e métodos de investigação em ciências sociais. Gradiva.
Bardin, L. (2020). Análise de conteúdo (Edição revista e ampliada). Edições 70.
Beaud, S., & Weber, F. (2007). Guia para a pesquisa de campo. Editora Vozes.
Bryman, A. (2022). Social research methods (6th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Campenhoudt, L. V., Marquet, J., & Quivy, R. (2023). Manual de investigação em ciências sociais (2ª ed. rev.). Gradiva.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Flick, U. (2018). An introduction to qualitative research (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Foddy, W. (1996). Como perguntar – Teoria e prática da construção de perguntas para entrevistas e questionários. Celta Editora.
Ghiglione, R., & Matalon, B. (1992). O inquérito – Teoria e prática. Celta Editora.
Maroco, J. (2021). Análise estatística com o SPSS Statistics (7ª ed.). ReportNumber.

Optional

Becker, H. (1997). Métodos de pesquisa em Ciências Sociais. Hucitec.
Bertaux, D. (2020). As narrativas de vida. Mundos Sociais.
Bryman, A. & Cramer, D. (1993). Análise de dados em ciências sociais: introdução às técnicas utilizando o SPSS. Celta Editora.
Burgess, R. (2001). A pesquisa de terreno: uma introdução. Celta Editora.
DeCastellarnau, A. (2018). A classification of response scale characteristics that affect data quality: A literature review. Quality & Quantity, 52(4), 1523-1559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0533-4
Della Porta, D., & Keating, M. (Orgs.). (2008). Approaches and methodologies in the social sciences: A pluralist perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2018). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Laureano, R., & Botelho, M. C. (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics: O meu manual de consulta rápida (3ª ed.). Sílabo.
Moreira, J. M. (2004). Questionários: Teoria e Prática. Almedina.
Oliveira, A. et al. (2021). O questionário online na investigação em educação: reflexões epistemológicas, metodológicas e éticas. Universidade Aberta.
Paugam, S. (Coord.). (2015). A pesquisa sociológica. Editora Vozes.
Silva, A. S., & Pinto, J. M. (2014 [1986]). Metodologia das ciências sociais. Edições Afrontamento.
Silverman, D. (2011). Interpreting qualitative data (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Sue, V. e Ritter, L.A. (2012). Conducting Online Surveys (2ª ed.), Thousand Oaks, Sage.
Vicente, P., Reis, E. & Ferrão, F. (2001). Sondagens. A amostragem como factor decisivo de qualidade. Sílabo.

01 Introduction: controversies and domains in sociological theory
I History of sociological theory
02 Classical sociological theory
03 Modern sociological theory
04 Contemporary sociological theory
II Domains of sociological theory
05 Interaction as exchange
06 Symbolic interaction
07 Stratification
08 Institutions
09 Groups and networks
10 Organisations

One individual paper, with a maximum of 20,000 characters including spaces, on a subject that each student choose from a fixed list. Deadline: December 29, 2023.

Mandatory

Pires, Rui Pena (2007), ?Árvores conceptuais: uma reconstrução multidimensional dos conceitos de ação e de estrutura?, Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas, 53, pp. 11-50.
Scott, John (2011), Conceptualising the Social World: Principles of Sociological Analysis, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Turner, Jonathan H. (1994, 1999), Sociologia: Conceitos e Aplicações, São Paulo, Makron Books.

Optional

* Bibliografia de trabalho / referências das aulas
Baert, Patrick, e Filipe Carreira da Silva (2014), Teoria Social Contemporânea, Lisboa, Mundos Sociais:
cap. 3, ?O enigma da vida quotidiana: o interacionismo simbólico, a abordagem dramatúrgica e a etnometodologia?, pp. 81-112.
Fulcher, James, e John Scott (2011), Sociology, 4.ª ed., Oxford, Oxford University Press: cap. 2, ?Theories and theorizing?, pp. 20-68.
Pires, Rui Pena (2014), ?Modelo teórico de análise sociológica?, Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas, 74, pp. 31-50.
Ritzer, George, e Jeffrey Stepnisky (2018), Sociological Theory, 10.ª ed., Nova Iorque, McGraw-Hill:
[complementar] cap. 6, ?A historical sketch of sociological theory: The later years?, pp. 261-311;
cap. 13, ?Micro-macro and agency-structure integration?, pp. 592-647.
Turner, Jonathan H. (1991), The Structure of Sociological Theory, 5.ª ed., Belmont (Cal.), Wadsworth: cap. 1, ?Sociological theory: diversity and disagreement?, pp. 1-30.
Turner, Jonathan H. (1994, 1999), Sociologia: Conceitos e Aplicações, São Paulo, Makron Books:
cap. 1, ?A natureza e as origens da sociologia?, pp. 1-16;
cap. 2, ?Propostas teóricas e metodológicas na sociologia?, pp. 17-32;
cap. 7, ?Grupos e organizações?, pp. 93-110;
cap. 8, ?Desigualdades: classe, etnia e género?, pp. 111-134;
cap. 9, ?Instituições?, pp. 137-166.
Turner, Jonathan H. (2010), Theoretical Principles of Sociology, vol. 1, Macrodynamics,
Nova Iorque, Springer:
[complementar] cap 4, ?The dynamics of institutional domains?, pp. 105-151.
[complementar] cap 5, ?The dynamics of stratification systems?, pp. 153-214.
Turner, Jonathan H. (2012), Theoretical Principles of Sociology, vol. 3, Mesodynamics,
Nova Iorque, Springer:
[complementar] cap. 5, ?The dynamics of groups?, pp. 171-212;
[complementar] cap. 6, ?The dynamics of organizations?, pp. 213-301.
Turner, Jonathan H. (2013), Theoretical Sociology: 1830 to Present, Londres, Sage:
[complementar] cap. 15, ?Exchange theorizing?, pp. 520-573.
Turner, Jonathan H. (2014), Theoretical Sociology: A Concise Introduction to Twelve Sociological Theories, Londres, Sage:
cap 5, ?Exchange theorizing?, pp. 73-95;
[complementar] cap. 6, ?Symbolic interactionist theorizing?, pp. 96-116;
[complementar] cap. 7, ?Dramaturgical theorizing?, pp. 117-135.

1-What is democracy?
2-Processes and waves of democratization
3-Democratic backsliding
4-Inequality and legacies from authoritarianism
5-Subnational authoritarianism
6-Civil society and populism
7-Militant democracy
8-Religion, nationalism and democracy

written essay (100%).

Mandatory

A. Stepan, C. Taylor, ?Introduction? e ?Muslims and Toleration?, em Boundaries of Toleration, 2014.
A. Stepan, J. Linz, Y. Yadav, Crafting State-Nations India and Other Multinational Democracies, 2011
A. Kirshener, A Theory of Militant Democracy. 2014
T. Skocpol, ?Making Sense of Citizen Mobilizations against the Trump Presidency?, Perspectives on Politics, 17/ 2, 2019.
L. Gose,T. Skocpol, ?Resist, Persist, and Transform?, Mobilization, 24, 3, 2019.
K. Weyland, "Populism?s Threat to Democracy?, Perspectives on Politics, 17, 2, 2020.
R. Mickey, Paths Out of Dixie, 2015
M. Bernhard, T. Fernandes, R. Branco, ?Civil Society, Inequality and Democracy?, Comparative Politics, 49, 3, 2017.
M. Albertus, V. Menaldo, Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy, 2018
A. Lührmann, et al. V-Dem Democracy Report 2020.
S. Levitsky e Daniel Ziblatt, How Democracies Die
S. Gunitsky, Aftershocks, 2017
C. Tilly, Democracy, 2017

Optional

Fishman, Robert M., Democracy?s Voices. Social Ties and the Quality of Public Life in Spain, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 2004.
Linz, Juan, The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978
Bermeo, Nancy, Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry and the Collapse of Democracy, Princeton University Press, 2003.
O?Donnell, G., Schmitter, P. C., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, Baltimore and London, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.
Fernandes, Tiago, «Authoritarian Regimes and Pro-Democracy Semi-oppositions. The end of the Portuguese dictatorship (1968-1974) in comparative perspective», Democratization, Vol. 14, No. 4, 2007.
Ansell, Ben and David Samuels, «Inequality and Democratization: A Contractarian Approach», Comparative Political Studies, July 2010.
Robinson, James A, Daron Acemoglu, Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democ-racy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006
Boix, Carles, Democracy and Redistribution, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003
Stepan, Alfred, «The World?s Religious Systems and Democracy: Crafting the ?Twin Tolerations? », in Alfred Stepan, Arguing Comparative Politics, 2001.
Schmitter, Philippe C., Karl, Terry Lynn, ?What Democracy is ... and is not?, in Larry Diamond, Marc F. Plattner, ed., The Global Resurgence of Democracy, Baltimore and London, The Johns Hopkins University Press
Dahl, Robert, Democracy and its Critics, New Haven/London, Yale University Press, 1989

1. Introduction: views on the state and its economic functions

2. Main economic policies
Budgetary/fiscal
Monetary
Regulation
Trade/CustomsIndustrial

3. Theoretical views on the relationship between the state and the economy
Classical liberalism
Reactions to classical liberalism
Neoclassical welfare economics
Keynesianism
Neoliberalism and the return of the market

4. Historical view of the relationship between the state and the economy

5. The relationship between the state and innovation

Final assessment: written exam (open book)

Mandatory

Backhouse, Roger (2002), The Penguin History of Economics, London: Penguin Books.
Fricke, Thomas et al. (2023), Mapping the State of a Shifting Paradigm: New Thinking, New Actors, Berlim: Forum New Economy.
Louçã, F. e Mortágua, M. (2021), Manual de economia política. 1ª ed. - Lisboa : Bertrand.
Medema, Steven G. (2003), "The Economic Role of Government in the History of Economic Thought", In Samuels, Warren J., Jeff E. Biddle e John B. Davis (ed.), A companion to the history of economic thought. London: Blackwell, pp. 428-437.
Pereira, P.; Afonso, A.; Arcanjo, M. e Santos, J. (2016), Economia e Finanças Públicas. 5.ª Edição, Lisboa: Escolar Editora.
Stiglitz, Joseph and Jay Rosengard (2015), Economics of the Public Sector, 4th edition, New York: W.W.Norton.

Optional

Babb, Sarah (2013), ?The Washington Consensus as transnational policy paradigm: Its origins, trajectory and likely successor?, Review of International Political Economy, 20 (2): 268-297.
Beaud, Michel e Gilles Dostaler (1995), Economic Thought since Keynes, London and New York: Routledge. [Está também disponível na biblioteca a edição original em francês, de 1993].
Birdsall, Nancy e Francis Fukuyama (2011), 'The Post-Washington Consensus: Development After the Crisis', Foreign Affairs, 90(2): 45-53.
Bonefeld, Werner (2012), "Freedom and the Strong State: On German Ordoliberalism", New Political Economy, 17(5): 633-656.
Blyth, Mark (2013), Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea, New York: Oxford University Press. [Existe tradução portuguesa da Quetzal, de 2013].
Carvalho, Luís Francisco e João Rodrigues (2015), "Are markets everywhere? Understanding contemporary processes of commodification", In John B. Davis e Wilfred Dolfsma (ed.), The Elgar Companion to Social Economics, 2nd Edition, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp.293-313.
Carvalho, Luís Francisco (2023), 'Notas sobre conceitos e indicadores fundamentais da actividade económica' (mimeo), versão revista e actualizada, Lisboa: Iscte-Iul.
Chang, Ha Joon (2002), "Breaking the mould: an institutionalist political economy alternative to the neo liberal theory of the market and the state", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 26 (5): 539-559.
Colgan, Jeff D. and Robert O. Kehoane (2017), "The Liberal Order is Rigged: Fix It or Watch It Wither", Foreign Affairs, 96(3): 36-44.
Fahnbulleh, Miatt (2020), 'The Neoliberal Collapse: Markets are not the Answer', Foreign Affairs, 99 (1): 38-43.
Foroohar, Rana (2022). 'After Neoliberalism: All Economics is Local', Foreign Affairs, 101(6): 134-145.
Foucault, Michel (2010 [1979]), Nascimento da Biopolítica, Lisboa: Edições 70.
Friedman, Milton (1968), "The role of monetary policy", The American Economic Review 58 (1): 1-17.
Gamble, Andrew (2014), Crisis Without End? The Unravelling of Western Prosperity, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Harvey, David (2005), A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hayek, Friedrich August (1945), "The use of knowledge in society", American Economic Review, 35 (4): 519-530.
Hu, Fred and Michael Spence (2017), "Why Globalization Stalled, and How to Restart It", Foreign Affairs, 96(6): 54-63.
Keynes, John Maynard (1967 [1936]), The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, London: MacMillan.
Keynes, Milo (ed.) (1975), Essays on John Maynard Keynes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Magnusson, Lars e Bo Strath (2016), A Brief History of Political Economy: Tales of Marx, Keynes and Hayek, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Mazzucato, Mariana (2011), 'The Entrepeneurial State', Soundings, 49: 131-142.
O'Neil, Shannon K. (2022), 'The Myth of the Global: Why Regional Ties Win the Day', Foreign Affairs, 101(4): 158-169.
Polanyi, Karl (2001[1944]), The Great Transformation - The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, Boston: Beacon Press. [Existe tradução portuguesa das Edições 70, de 2012].
Reich, Robert (2016), Saving Capitalism: For the Many, Not for the Few, New York: Vintage Books.
Rodrik, Dani (2011), The Globalization Paradox: Why Global Markets, States, and Democracy Can't Coexist, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rogoff, Kenneth (2022), 'The Age of Inflation: Easy Money, Hard Choices', Foreign Affairs, 101(6): 120-133.
Stiglitz, Joseph (2010), Freefall: Free Markets and the Sinking of the Global Economy, London: Allen Lane.
Stiglitz, Joseph (2018), Globalization and Its Discontents Revisited, New York and London: W.W. Norton.
Stiglitz, Joseph (2019), People, Power and Profits: Progressive Capitalism for an Age of Discontent, London: Allen Lane.
Tebble, A.J. (2009), "Hayek and social justice: a critique", Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 12(4): 581-604.
UNDP (2022), Human Development Report 2021/2022, New York: United Nations.

1. Introduction
1.1. Globalization and its main dimensions
1.2. Globalization, post-globalization and national politics
1.3. Governance and global governance

2. Globalization and governance
2.1. Economic inequalities and the Sustainable Development Goals
2.2. Climate and environment protection
2.3. Conflicts and conflict prevention

3. Subjects on global governance
3.1. Traditional and emerging powers
3.2. Regional institutions
3.3. Global health
3.4. Human rights and global justice

1. Assessment throughout the semester:

a) Attendance and active participation in classes, with a scheduled brief oral presentation of a subject (minimum attendance in 70% of classes) - 30%.

b) Review essay (3000 to 3500 words) of 4 texts specified in the complementary bibliography of the course - 70%.

The essay should be sent to vasco.martins@iscte-iul.pt by the date agreed at the Council of the Year meeting of the 1st semester (1st season).

2. Final exam

If plagiarism or other forms of academic fraud are detected in the written essay, the assessment will be annulled. An oral test may be required in addition to the individual essay at the request of the teacher.

On plagiarism, see
https://www.iscte-iul.pt/conteudos/iscte/organizacao/rgaos-de-coordenacao/conselho-pedagogico/1041/codigo-de-conduta-academica. Late submissions will have 0.5 deducted for each day that they are past the deadline.

Mandatory

Scholte, Jan Aart (2005), Globalization, A Critical Introduction, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Larres, Klaus and Ruth Wittlinger. 2020. Understanding Global Politics: Actors and Themes in International Relations. London: Routledge.

Martell, Luke (2010), The Sociology of Globalization, Cambridge: Polity Press.

David, Held and Charles Roger (eds.) (2013), Global governance in crisis, Cambridge: Polity Press

Held, David and Anthony McGrew (eds.) (2003), The Global Transformations Reader, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Beck, Ulrich (2000), What is Globalization?, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Optional

Mignolo, Walter D. (2021), "Coloniality and globalization: a decolonial take", Globalizations, 18(5): 720-737

Walter, Stefanie. (2021), “The Backlash Against Globalization”, Annu. Rev. Political Sci., 24: 421-42.

Flew, Terry (2020), "Globalization, neo-globalization and post-globalization: The challenge of populism and the return of the national", Global Media and Communication, 16(1):19-39

Hung, Ho Fung. 2021. "Recent trends in global economic inequality", Annual Review of Sociology 47: 349-67.
Biermanna, Frank, Norichika Kanieb and Rakhyun E Kim (2017), "Global governance by goal-setting: the novel approach of the UN Sustainable Development Goals", Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 26:26-31

Falkner, Robert (2016), "The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics", International Affairs 92 (5): 1107-1125

Menocal, Alina Rocha. 2011. “State building for peace: a new paradigma for international engagement in post-conflict fragile states?”, Third World Quarterly 32(10): 1715-1736.

Heilmann, Sebastian. 2016. China’s Political System. London: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC.

Panke, Diana (2020), "Regional cooperation through the lenses of states: Why do states nurture regional integration?", The Review of International Organizations, 15: 475?504

Ekström, A.M., Berggren, C., Tomson, G. et al. (2021), "The battle for COVID-19 vaccines highlights the need for a new global governance mechanism", Nature Medicine, 27: 739?740

Ainley, Kirsten (2015), "The Responsibility to Protect and the International Criminal Court: counteracting the crisis", International Affairs 91(1): 37-54

1. Research as a producer of knowledge to know and/or to intervene.
1.1. Empirical research as theoretically oriented.
1.2. Research as problem solving: diagnosis, evaluation, intervention.
1.3. Ethics in different types of research.

2. How to design a research project and/or intervention.
2.1. Formulation of the problem and definition of objectives.
2.2. Conceptualization.
2.3. Operationalization and observation.
2.4. Project's design.

3. Methodological strategies.
3.1. Adequacy of the methodological strategies to the objectives of tthe research.
3.2. Extensive research: large surveys, statistical databases, etc..
3.3. Intensive research: case studies, field research, participant observation, ethnographic approach, etc.
3.4. Action research and social intervention.
3.5. Comparative research: objectives and problems of comparison.
3.6. Mixed methods.

The learning process proceeds trough theoretical-practical classes, seminar presentations and debate (which are given prevalence), tutorials and students' autonomous work.

|

Evaluation along the semester, comprising the following components:
(a) Class participation and presentation of the research and/or intervention project (35%)
b) Final written work: research project and/or intervention (65%).
OR
Final assessment, consisting of a final written work: research project and/or intervention, complemented with an oral discussion, if the teacher considers necessary (100%).

The evaluation of this course does not include a final exam.

Mandatory

Ragin, C2019Constructing social research.Pine Forge.
Quivy, R&Champenhoud,L2003Manual de Investigação em Ciências Sociais.Gradiva.
Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. 2023 Practical Research: Planning and Design. Pearson. 
Della Porta, D&M Keating, eds 2008 Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences.CUP.
Creswell, JW 2003 Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.Sage.
Chen, H 2015 Practical program evaluation: theory-driven evaluation and the integrated evaluation perspective.Sage.
Capucha, L 2008 Planeamento e avaliação de projectos: guião prático.DGIDC.
Campenhoudt, L van 2003 Introdução à análise dos fenómenos sociais.Gradiva.
Booth, Wayne C. et al 2016 The Craft of Research.The University of Chicago Press.
Burgess, R 2001 A pesquisa de terreno.Celta.
Bryman, A 2016 Social Research Methods.UP.
Blaikie, N 2007 Approaches to social enquiry.Polity Press.
Alasuutari, P, Bickman, L., and Brannen, J. 2008 Sage Handbook on Social Research Methods. Sage.

Optional

Whyte, William Foote (ed.) (1991) Participatory Action Research. London: Sage Publications.
Turner, Jonathan (2005) "A new approach for theoretically integrating micro and macro analysis", in Craig Calhoun, C. Rojek,B. Turner (Ed.) , The Sage Handbook of Sociology. London: Sage Publications.
Roberts, B. 2007 Getting the Most Out of the Research Experience. London: Sage.
Turner, F J. (2005). Social Work Diagnosis in Contemporary Practice. New York, Oxford: University Press.
Silverman, D (ed.) (2011) Qualitative Research. London: Sage.
Scott, J. (1990) A Matter of Record: Documentary Sources in Social Research. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Schiefer, U, et al. (2007) Método aplicado de planeamento e Avaliação. Manual de Planeamento e Avaliação de Projectos. Estoril: Editora Principia.
Ragin, C C. (1987) The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press.
Oyen, Else (1990) Comparative methodology. Theory and practice in international social research. London: Sage.
Patton, M. (2018) Facilitating evaluation: principles in practice. Sage Thousand Oaks.
Kettner, P., Moroney, R. & Martin, L. (2016). Designing and managing programs: an effectiveness-based approach. (5nd. Ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Iphofen, R., Ed. (2020) Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity. Springer.
Ghiglione, R & Matalon, B (1992) O Inquérito. Teoria e Prática. Oeiras: Celta Editora.
Foddy, William (1996) Como perguntar. Teoria e Prática da construção de perguntas para entrevistas e questionários. Oeiras: Celta Editora.
European Institute of Public Administration (2004) Improving an organization through self-assessment? common assessment framework. Maastricht: European Institute of Public Administration.
Dogan, M & Pelassy, D (1990, 1984) How to Compare Nations. Strategies in Comparative Politics. New Jersey: Chatham House Publishers.
Carvalho, H (2004) Análise Multivariada de Dados Qualitativos. Lisboa: Sílabo.
Calley, N. (2011). Program development in the 21st Century: an evidence-based approach to design, implementation and evaluation. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Brannen, J (2005) Mixed methods research: a discussion paper, Economic & Social Research Council, National Centre for Research Methods. URL: http://eprints.ncrm.ac.uk/89/1/MethodsReviewPaperNCRM-005.pdf
Brady, H E & Collier, D (2004) Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools Shared Standards. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Booth, W C, Colomb, G G e Williams, J M (2003) The Craft of Research. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Bertaux, D. (2020) As narrativas de vida. Lisboa: Mundos Sociais.
Beckett, C (2010) Assessment and intervention in social work. Sage Publications: London.
Na medida em que o desenho de pesquisa pode ter algumas especificidades em função da área científica de pesquisa, listam-se abaixo algumas sugestões de suporte bibliográfico.
Becker, Howard S. (2017) Evidence, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.
Mestrado em Sociologia
Shaw, I, Briar-Lawson, K, Orme, J & Ruckdeschel, R 2010 The Sage Handbook of Social Work Research. Londres: Sage.
Hardwick, L et al (eds) 2017 Innovations in Social Work Research. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Bell, L 2017 Research methods for Social Workers. Londres: Palgrave.
Mestrado em Serviço Social
Toshkov, D 2016 Research Design in Political Science. London: Palgrave.
Howard, C 2017 Thinking Like a Political Scientist: A Practical Guide to Research Methods. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Filho, Dalson Britto Figueiredo; Paranhos, Ranulfo; Rocha, Enivaldo Carvalho da; Silva Junior, José Alexandre da; Santos, Manoel Leonardo Wanderley Duarte 2012 Levando Gary King a Sério: Desenhos de Pesquisa em Ciência Política. In Revista Eletrônica de Ciência Política 3 (1-2), pp. 86-117.
Capucha, L. e Caramelo, S. (2024). Ciências Sociais Aplicadas - Planeamento e Avaliação de Políticas Públicas. Coimbra: Almedina.
Bukve, O 2019 Designing Social Science Research. Cham: Palgrave.
Mestrado em Políticas Públicas
Treadwell, D, & Davis, A 2016 Introducing communication research: Paths of inquiry. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 3ª ed.
Silverman, D. (2017) Doing Qualitative Research. Londres: Sage. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/doing-qualitative-research/book251108
Quan-Haase, A., & Sloan, L. (eds.). 2022 The SAGE handbook of social media research methods. Sage.
Kubitschko, S., & Kaun, A. (eds). 2016 Innovative methods in media and communication research. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hine, C. (2017). Digital Ethnography. In The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Theory, B.S. Turner (Ed.).
Berger, A. A. 2018 Media and communication research methods: An introduction to qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Mestrado em Gestão dos Novos Media
Klotz, A & Prakash, D (eds) 2008 Qualitative methods in International Relations: A pluralist guide. New York: Palgrave (v. plataforma moodle).
Sprinz, D F & Wolinsky, Y (eds.) 2004 Cases, numbers and models: International Relations research methods. Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press. (Em linha: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/89c3/34b5c514acb817b8862dcdf675bd7d4863de.pdf
https://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/71316_Lamont_Research_Methods_in_International_Relations_Chapter_1.pdf).
Lamont, C 2015 Research methods in International Relations. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications (capitulo 1 on-line em:
Mestrado em Estudos Internacionais
Stein, T. S., Bathurst, J. R., & Lasher, R. 2022 Performing arts management: A handbook of professional practices. Simon and Schuster.
Quan-Haase, A., & Sloan, L. (Eds.). 2022 The SAGE handbook of social media research methods. Sage.
Osterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. 2010 Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers (Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons.
Mestrado em Estudos e Gestão da Cultura
Zeleza, T (ed) 2007 The study of Africa. The global and transnational engagements (Vol II). Dakar: CODESRIA.
Zeleza, T (ed) 2006 The Study of Africa. Disciplinary and interdisciplinary encounters (Vol I). Dakar: CODESRIA.
Ouédraogo, J-B & Cardoso, C (ed) 2011 Readings in methodology: African Perspectives. Dakar: CODESRIA. Em linha: https://www.codesria.org/spip.php?article1502&lang=en
Mestrado em Estudos Africanos
Amado, J. (Org.). (2013). Manual de investigação qualitativa em educação. Coimbra: Imprensa da UC.
Bogdan, R & Biklen, S 1994 Investigação qualitativa em educação: uma introdução à teoria e aos métodos. Porto: Porto Editora.Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th Ed.). London: Routledge.
Dal-Farra, R. A. & Lopes P. T. C. (2013). Métodos mistos de pesquisa em educação: pressupostos teóricos, Nuances: estudos sobre Educação, 24(3), 67-80.
Gay, L., Mills, G., & Airasian, P. (2012). Educational research. Competencies for analysis and applications. Columbus, OH: Pearson.
Tuckman, B. (2005). Manual de investigação em Educação. Lisboa: F.C.G.
Mestrado em Educação e Sociedade
Treadwell, D, & Davis, A 2016 Introducing communication research: Paths of inquiry. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 3ª ed.
Quan-Haase, A., & Sloan, L. (eds.). 2022 The SAGE handbook of social media research methods. Sage.
Kubitschko, S., & Kaun, A. (eds). 2016 Innovative methods in media and communication research. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
Berger, A. A. 2018 Media and communication research methods: An introduction to qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Mestrado em Comunicação, Cultura e Tecnologias da Informação
Se necessário, solicitar referências adicionais ao/à(s) docente(s).
Mestrado em Ciências do Trabalho e Relações Laborais
Pollock III, Philip H.& Edwards, B C 2019 The Essentials of political analysis. 6ªed., Washington D.C.: CQ Press.
Silverman, D (2018) Doing qualitative research. Los Angeles: Sage.
Johnson, J B & Reynolds, H T 2020 Political Science research methods, 9ª ed. Los Angeles: Sage.
Mestrado em Ciência Política
Se necessário, solicitar referências adicionais ao/à(s) docente(s).
Mestrado em Administração Escolar
Se necessário, solicitar referências adicionais ao/à(s) docente(s).
Mestrado em Ação Humanitária

1. Topic and problem of the internship
2. Internship plan
3. Theoretical and methodological framework
4. Methodology of collaborative action research
5. Evaluation
6. Report

Individual report, which contains the following elements:
a) Characterization of the institutional context (history, organization, policies and services, activities, organizational structure and functioning);
b) Framing the internship institution;
c) Description of the activities developed (roles, responsibilities, agents, work processes, methodologies used)
d) Critical and theoretically based conclusions
e) References
The UC does not contemplate the modality of evaluation by Exam.

Mandatory

- Sweitzer, H. Frederick e King, Mary A. (2014), The Successful Internship: Personal, Professional, and Civic Development in Experiential Learning, Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
- Reeher, Gant e Mariani, Mack (2002), The Insider's Guide To Political Internships: What To Do Once You're In The Door, Nova Iorque: Basic Books

- Neves, José, Garrido, Margarida, Simões Eduardo (2008), Manual de Competências Pessoais, Interpessoais e Instrumentais. Teoria e Prática, Lisboa: Editora SÍLABO

- Della Porta, Donatella e Keating Michael (eds.) (2008) Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences. A Pluralist Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

- Courtney, Roger (2013), Strategic Management in the Third Sector, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan

- Capucha, Luís (2008), Planeamento e Avaliação de Projetos. Guião Prático, Lisboa: ME/DGIDC

Optional

The program develops the following steps:
1st lesson: Presentation of CU, objectives, planification and methodology of work;
2nd lesson: Recommendations concerning the establishment of objectives, hypotheses and empirical research methodology;
3rd lecture: Recommendations regarding the processing of data and the elaboration of the master thesis in Political Science;
4th to 6th lesson: Presentation by students of the research projects, followed of a discussion in class;
7th class: Recommentations regarding the writting of the master thesis;
8th class: Recommendations regarding data analysis;
9th class: Recommendations regarding the presentation and discussion of the dissertation;
10th to12th lessons: Presentation by the students of the research projects, followed by a discussion in class.

A jury, expressly appointed to do so, will evaluate the master thesis submitted by the student. The classification assigned by the jury will be the final grade of this CU.

The delivery of a theoretical chapter draft at the end of the first semester (December/January), as well as the delivery of a data analysis proposal in the second semester (May/July), and the corresponding quality of the work delivered, will be considered when defending the dissertation, affecting the final grade.

Mandatory

Beck, Michael S. L. (1995), Data Analysis: An Introduction, Thousand Oaks, Sage.
Johnson, Janet B., e H. T. Reynolds (2020), Political Science Research Methods, 9ªed., Los Angeles, Sage.
Bardach, Eugene, e Eric M. Patashnik (2024), A Practical Guide for Policy Analysis, 7ªed., Thousand Oaks, Sage e CQ Press.
Hancké, B. (2009), Intelligent Research Design, Oxford, OUP.
Booth, Wayne C. et al. (2024), The Craft of Research, 5ª ed., Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.
Monroe, Alan D. (2018), Essentials of Political Research, Nova Iorque e Londres, Routledge.
Creswell, John W. (2014), Investigação Qualitativa e Projeto de Pesquisa, 3ªed., Porto Alegre: Penso.
Silverman, David (ed.)(2022) Doing Qualitative Research, 6ª ed., Londres, Sage.
Landman, Todd and Edzia Carvalho (2016), Issues and Methods in Comparative Politics, 4th. Ed., Londres, Routledge.
Pollock III, Philip H., e Barry C. Edwards (2019), The Essentials of Political Analysis, 6ª ed., Washington, CQ Press.

Optional

Brady, Henry E. and David Collier (2010) Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools Shared Standards, 2ªed., Lanham, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Bryman, Alan (2021), Social Reseach Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Creswell, John W. e Cheryl N. Poth (2024), Qualitative Research and Inquiry Design, 5ªed., Thousand Oaks, Sage.
Foddy, William (1996), Como Perguntar. Teoria e Prática da Construção de Perguntas para Entrevistas e Questionários, Oeiras: Celta.
Scott, John (2014), A Matter of Record. Documentary Sources in Social Research, Cambridge, Polity Press.
Bardin, Laurence (2011), Análise de Conteúdo, Lisboa, Edições 70.
Blaikie, Norman (2007), Approaches to social enquiry: advancing knowledge, Cambridge, Polity Press.
May, Tim e Beth Perry (2022) (ed) Social research: Issues, Methods and Process.2ªed., Maidenhead: Open University Press.
King, Gary, Robert Keohane e Sidney Verba (2021), Designing Social Inquiry, Princeton, Princeton University Press.
O'Dochartaigh, Nial (2002), The Internet Research Handbook: A Pratical Guide for Students and Researchers in the Social Sciences, Sage.
Della Porta, Donatella e Michael Keating (eds.) (2008), Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences. A Pluralist Perspective, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Lessard-Hébert, M; G. Goyette; G. Boutin (2005), Investigação Qualitativa. Fundamentos e Práticas, 2ªed., Lisboa, Piaget.
Maxwell, Joseph A. (2012) Qualitative Research Design. An Interactive Approach, Thousand Oaks, Sage.