The election of Hugo Chávez to Venezuela‟s presidency with a program based on radical reform and redefinition of Venezuela‟s global positioning comes with huge consequences for post-Cold War‟s Latin-American order. Its confrontation with the United States, strongly publicized and exploited in an age of emergence of new powers, turns it into one of the biggest representatives of anti-Americanism and opposition to the previous decade‟s unipolarity, as well as to the US‟ hegemony over the Western Hemisphere. However, and in spite of his use of revolutionary socialist rhetoric, his behavior in the international stage will be totally explainable following the realist theory of national interest in conjugation with the domestic interest in a context of institutional reform and conflict. The policy of integration and development of ties with similar-minded states corresponds to the economic needs of a country isolated by its own internal reconstruction process and to its traditional economic system, which submits it to a double dependence. On the other hand, said dependence also gives it a security guarantee against its biggest rival, allowing it to adopt an openly antagonistic role in the international stage with bigger reward than risk. Under the light of the theory on the needs and survival of small states in the anarchy of realism, Venezuela offers us an extremely interesting case for its analysis.