1. Classical theories: antiquity and contemporaneity
1.1. Modernity and social science
1.2. Sociological theories and social reflexivity
2. Reference works
2.1. Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville (1835-40)
2.2. The German Ideology, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1846)
2.3. The Philosophy of Money, Georg Simmel (1900)
2.4. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, Émile Durkheim (1912)
2.5. Economy and Society, Max Weber (1922)
3. Sociological theories: diversity and elaboration processes
3.1. Specificities and articulations
3.2. Innovation and cumulativity

The evaluation is done throughout the semester following the development of the knowledge and skills targeted in the objectives of the UC. It involves a final written individual text, the presentation and debate of sociological texts, the frequency of presence in seminars and participation in class. These evaluation elements have the following weight in the final classification: assiduity and participation in class: 20%; presentation and debate of sociological texts: 30%; final written individual text: 50%.
There is no final exam in this course.

Mandatory

Durkheim, Émile (2002), As Formas Elementares da Vida Religiosa, Oeiras, Celta Editora.
Marx, Karl, e Friedrich Engels (1975), A Ideologia Alemã, Lisboa, Livraria Presença.
Simmel, Georg (1982), The Philosophy of Money, Boston, Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Tocqueville, Alexis de (2008), Da Democracia na América, col. Antropos, Lisboa, Relógio d'Água.
Weber, Max (1971), Économie et Societé, Paris, Plon.

Optional

Waters, Malcolm (1994), Modern Sociological Theory, London, Sage.
Turner, Jonathan (2003), The Structure of Sociological Theory, Belmont (California), Wadsworth.
Turner, Jonathan H. (2013), Theoretical Sociology: 1830 to the Present, Newbury Park, CA, Sage.
Turner, Jonathan H., Leonard Beeghley, e Charles H. Powers (2002), The Emergence of Sociological Theory, Belmont, Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
Turner, Jonathan H. (org.) (2001), Handbook of Sociological Theory, New York, Kluwer Academic.
Turner, Jonathan H. (2014), Theoretical Sociology. A Concise Introduction to Twelve Sociological Theories, Londres, Sage.
Turner, Bryan S. (org.) (2000), The Blackwell Companion to Social Theory, Oxford, Blackwell.
Scott, John (2011), Conceptualising the Social World. Principles of Sociological Analysis, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Ritzer, George (org.), (2003), The Blackwell Companion to Major Classical Social Theorists, Oxford, Blackwell.
Ritzer, George, e Douglas J. Goodman (2004), Sociological Theory, Nova Iorque, McGraw-Hill.
Jenks, Chris (org.) (1998), Core Sociological Dichotomies, London, Sage Publications.
Giddens, Anthony (2005 [1972]), Capitalismo e Moderna Teoria Social, 6ª ed., Barcarena, Editorial Presença.
Cruz, Manuel Braga da (org.) (1995), Teorias Sociológicas ? Os Fundadores e os Clássicos (Antologia de Textos), Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
Collins, Randall (1994), Four Sociological Traditions, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Burawoy, Michael (2021), “Why is classical theory classical? Theorising the canon and
canonizing Du Bois”, Journal of Classical Sociology, 21 (3-4), pp. 245-259.
Alexander, Jeffrey C. (1987), “The centrality of the classics”, em Anthony Giddens e Jonathan H. Turner (orgs.), Social Theory Today, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, pp. 11-57.

Taking the stated objectives into account, the programme will revisit authors and research of established historical and sociological value, as well as more recent extensive national and international research. From a detailed look at each of these works, the object of study, the theoretical and methodological resources used and the main results will be presented and discussed.
The programme is organised into five main topics:
CP-1. Extensive methodologies in the social sciences: theoretical, epistemological, methodological and ethical considerations
CP-2. Extensive research based on primary data. The questionnaire survey
CP-3. Sampling and data analysis methods
CP-4. The use of secondary data and official statistics in sociological analysis. Limits and potential
CP-5. Extensive international studies. Challenges of comparability

Student assessment takes place throughout the semester and includes two key moments:
a) an in-class presentation, prepared and presented in groups, on one of the reference works (30%)
b) preparation of an individual essay, no longer than 10 pages (around 20000 characters) (70%)
This course does not have the option of assessment by exam.

Mandatory

Bryman, Alan (2012), Social Research Methods, Oxford, Oxford University Press (4ª ed.)
Denscombe, M. (2007). The good research guide for small-scale social research projects (3rd ed). Open University Press.
Ghiglione R. e B. Matalon, (1996), O Inquérito. Teoria e prática, Oeiras, Celta Editora
Kitchin, R. (2014). The data revolution: Big data, open data, data infrastructures & their consequences. SAGE Publications
Oyen, Else, (1990), Comparative Methodology. Theory and practise in international social research, London, Sage Publications, Sage Studies in International Sociology
Quivy, Raymond e Luc Campenhout (2019), Manual de Investigação em Ciências Sociais, Lisboa, Gradiva
Silva, Augusto Santos e José Madureira Pinto (1986), Metodologia das ciências sociais, Porto, Edições Afrontamento
Stopher, P. (2012). Collecting, Managing, and Assessing Data Using Sample Surveys. Cambridge: CUP

Optional

Almeida João Ferreira de, e José Madureira Pinto (1982), A Investigação nas Ciências Sociais, Editorial Presença.
Bourdieu, Pierre (2010, 1979), A Distinção. Uma Crítica Social da Faculdade do Juízo, Lisboa, Edições 70.
Dillman D. A.(2007), Mail and Internet Surveys , New Jersey, John Wiley.
Durkheim, Émile (2007, 1897), O Suicídio, Lisboa, Editorial Presença
Giddens,Anthony (2004),"Métodos de Investigação em Sociologia", em Sociologia (4ª edição, revista e atualizada), Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, pp. 2-19; pp. 641-663.
Lahire, Bernard (2005), L'Esprit Sociologique, Paris, La Découverte,
Nunes, A. Sedas (1981), Sobre o problema do conhecimento nas ciências sociais. Materiais de uma experiência pedagógica, Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais
Vicente, P. et al, Sondagens. A amostragem como factor decisivo de qualidade, Lisboa, Sílabo, 1996

S1. Research in sociology: objectives, methods and results.
S2. Scientific research projects; working in research centres; scientific publication.
S3. Types of research and research strategies. Theory and empirical research. Operationalization problems. Familiarization and estrangement. Interference problems. Auxiliary research theories. Analytic levels. Inference modes. Modes of explanation.
S4. Ethical issues in sociological research.
S5. Research design and research project components.

The evaluation focuses on: i) the participation in the seminar; ii) a research project document for the doctoral thesis, written according to the FCT guidelines.

Mandatory

Velho, G (2013 [1981]), Observando o familiar, in Um Antropólogo na Cidade, R. Janeiro, Zahar
Ragin, CC & Amoroso, LM (2011), Constructing Social Research, Sage

Pires, RP (2015), Modos de explicação, Sociologia Problemas e Práticas, 78

Lahire, B (2005), L'Esprit Sociologique, Paris, La Découverte

Elder-Vass, D (2012), Towards a realist social constructionism, Sociologia Problemas e Práticas, 70

Creswell, JW & Plano Clark, VL (2011), Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research, Sage

Costa, AF et al (2013), Mixed-methods evaluation in complex programmes, Evaluation and Program Planning, 39

Bryman, A (2012), Social Research Methods, Oxford UP

Becker, HS (1998), Tricks of the Trade, The U. Chicago Press

Optional

Whyte, WF (1981 [1943]), Street Corner Society: The Social Structure of an Italian Slum, The Univ. Chicago Press.
Silva, AS & Pinto, JM (orgs.) (1986), Metodologia das Ciências Sociais, Porto, Afrontamento.

Pinto, JM (2007), Indagação Científica, Aprendizagens Escolares, Reflexividade Social, Porto, Afrontamento.

Merton, RK (1970), The bearing of sociological theory on empirical research; The bearing of empirical research on sociological theory, in Social Theory and Social Structure, The Free Press.

Merton, RK (1996), Insiders and outsiders [1972], in Merton, RK (1996), On Social Structure and Science (ed. Sztompka, P), The Univ. Chicago Press.

Lahire, B (2002), Portraits Sociologiques: Dispositions et Variations Individuelles, Paris, Nathan.

Glaser, BG & Strauss, AL (1967), The Discovery of Grounded Theory, Aldine.

Danermark, B et al. (2002), Explaining Society, Routledge.

Costa, AF (1986), A pesquisa de terreno em sociologia, em Silva, AS & Pinto, JM (orgs.), Metodologia das Ciências Sociais, Porto, Afrontamento.

Brante, T (2001), Consequências do realismo na construção de teoria sociológica, Sociologia Problemas e Práticas, 36.

Session 1. Sociological research in Portugal: towards a sociohistorical analysis
Session 2. The sociological field in Portugal: from pre-history to advanced institutionalization
Session 3. Two institutional generators of sociology
Session 4. Classical fields: sociology of social structure and social change, sociology of youth, sociology of education; sociology of classes and social inequalities
Session 5. New classical fields: sociology of work, organizationns and professions, urban sociology, political sociology, sociology of culture
Session 6. Modern fields (I): sociology of family, gender and sexuality, sociology of poverty and social exclusion, sociology of health, sociology of communication and the media
Session 7. Modern fields (II): sociology of science, sociology of immigration and ethnicity, sociology of cultural values, sociology of the environment
Session 8. Non-institutionalized fields. Relations and borders of sociological research

In order to be evaluated throughout the semester students must:
a) Write a 25 pages individual essay about the contents of the course to be delivered at the end of the semester (70% of the final grade).
b) Make two previouly prepared short interventions (30% of the final grade).
c) Take an active part in every session discussing the contents of it based on previous readings (an extra point may be added to the final grade).

Mandatory

Bourdieu, P (2006), Para uma Sociologia da Ciência, Lisboa, Ed 70.
Costa, A et al (2007), Sociedade e Conhecimento, Lisboa, Celta
Guerreiro, M et al (2007), Quotidiano e Qualidade de Vida, Lisboa, Celta
Machado, F (2022), Investigação Sociológica em Portugal, Porto, Afrontamento
Merton, R (1973), The Sociology of Science, Chicago, CUP
Pinto, J (2007), Ciências e progresso, Porto, Afrontamento
Santos, B (2001), Globalização: Fatalidade ou Utopia? Porto, Afrontamento
Santos, B (1999), ?Porque é tão difícil construir uma teoria crítica??, RCCS, 54
Silva, A (2006), A Sociologia e o Debate Público. Porto, Afrontamento
Viegas, J et al (2007), Instituições e Política. Lisboa, Celta

Optional

Ver observações

Contextualized study of five major works of contemporary sociological theory, to be carried out in two moments. The first, on the theoretical contexts in which those works are inscribed. The second, about each of the selected works by Parsons, Goffman, Boudon, Giddens and Archer.

I. Theoretical debates
01. Rise and fall of functionalism
02. Responses to functionalism: conflict, interaction and rationality
03. Movements of synthesis: from structuration to realism

II. Major works
04. Talcott Parsons (1937): The Structure of Social Action
05. Erving Goffman (1967): Interaction Ritual
06. Raymond Boudon (2003): Raison, Bonnes Raisons
07. Anthony Giddens (1984): The Constitution of Society
08. Margaret Archer (1995): Realist Social Theory

An individual essay with a maximum of 20,000 characters (with spaces). The essay will include, necessarily, the treatment of a subject based on at least two of the five studied works. In addition, the assessment of student participation in class discussions can be used by the teacher to increase the final classification by a maximum of three values.

Mandatory

Scott, John (1995, 2012), Sociological Theory. Contemporary Debates, 2.ª ed., Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
Parsons, Talcott (1937), The Structure of Social Action, Nova Iorque, McGraw-Hill.
Parker, John (2000), Structuration, Buckingham, Open University Press.
Goffman, Erving (1967), Interaction Ritual. Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior, Nova Iorque, Anchor Books.
Giddens, Anthony (1984), The Constitution of Society. Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Cambridge, Polity.
Boudon, Raymond (2003), Raison, Bonnes Raisons, Paris, PUF.
Archer, Margaret (1995), Realist Social Theory. The Morphogenetic Approach, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Optional

Turner, Jonathan H. (2012), Theoretical Principles of Sociology, vol. III: Mesodynamics, Nova Iorque, Springer.
Turner, Jonathan H. (2010), Theoretical Principles of Sociology, vol. II: Microdynamics, Nova Iorque, Springer.
Turner, Jonathan H. (2010), Theoretical Principles of Sociology, vol. I: Macrodynamics, Nova Iorque, Springer.
Sayer, Andrew (2011), Why Things Matter to People. Social Science, Values and Ethical Life, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Mouzelis, Nicos P. (2008), Modern and Postmodern Social Theorizing. Bridging the Divide, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Martin, John Levi (2015), Thinking Through Theory, Nova Iorque, Norton.
Martin, John Levi (2011), The Explanation of Social Action, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Martin, John Levi (2009), Social Structures, Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press.
Hedström, Peter, e Peter Bearman (orgs.) (2009), The Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Hedström, Peter (2005), Dissecting the Social. On the Principles of Analytical Sociology, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Elder-Vass, Dave (2012), The Reality of Social Construction, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Elder-Vass, Dave (2010), The Causal Power of Social Structures. Emergence, Structure and Agency, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Depelteau, Francois (org.) (2018), The Palgrave Handbook of Relational Sociology, Basingstoke (UK), Palgrave Macmillan.
Demeulenaere, Pierre (org.) (2011), Analytical Sociology and Social Mechanisms, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Crossley, Nick (2011), Towards Relational Sociology, Londres, Routledge.
Alexander, Jeffrey C., Philip Smith e Ronald Jacobs (orgs.) (2012), The Oxford Handbook of Cultural Sociology, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012.
Alexander, Jeffrey C. (2006), The Civil Sphere, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2006.
Alexander, Jeffrey C. (2003), The Meanings of Social Life, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
## Novos desenvolvimentos
Critical Realism. Essential Readings, Londres, Routledge.
Archer, Margaret S., Roy Bhaskar, Andrew Collier, Tony Lawson e Alan Norrie (orgs.) (1998),
Archer, Margaret S. (2012), The Reflexive Imperative in Late Modernity, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Archer, Margaret S. (2003), Structure, Agency and the Internal Conversation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Archer, Margaret (1995), Realist Social Theory. The Morphogenetic Approach, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
## De Margaret Archer
Held, David, e John B. Thompson (orgs.) (1989), Social Theory of Modern Societies. Anthony Giddens and his Critics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Giddens, Anthony, e Christopher Pierson (1999), Conversations with Anthony Giddens. Making Sense of Modernity, Cambridge, Polity.
Giddens, Anthony (1990), The Consequences of Modernity, Cambridge, Polity.
Giddens, Anthony (1984), The Constitution of Society. Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Cambridge, Polity.
Giddens, Anthony (1976) New Rules of Sociological Method. A Positive Critique of Interpretative Sociologies, Londres, Hutchinson.
## De e sobre Anthony Giddens
Dubois, Michel (2000), Premières Leçons sur la Sociologie de Raymond Boudon, Paris, PUF.
Boudon, Raymond, e Robert Leroux (2003), Y a-t-il Encore Une Sociologie?, Paris, Odile Jacob.
Boudon, Raymond, e François Bourricaud (1986), Dictionnaire Critique de la Sociologie, 2.ª ed., Paris, PUF.
Boudon, Raymond (2003), Raison, Bonnes Raisons, Paris, PUF.
Boudon, Raymond (1979), La Logique du Social, Paris, Hachette.
Boudon, Raymond (1973), L?Inégalité des Chances, Paris, Armand Colin.
## De e sobre Raymond Boudon
Manning, Philip (1992), Erving Goffman and Modern Sociology, Cambridge, Polity.
Burns, Tom (1992), Erving Goffman, Londres, Routledge.
Goffman, Erving (1983), ?The interaction order?, American Sociological Review, 48 (1), pp. 1-17.
Goffman, Erving (1974), Frame Analysis. An Essay on the Organization of Experience, Nova Iorque, Harper.
Goffman, Erving (1967), Interaction Ritual. Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior, Nova Iorque, Anchor Books.
Goffman, Erving (1959), The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Nova Iorque, Anchor Books.
## De e sobre Erving Goffman
Hamilton, Peter (1983), Talcott Parsons, Londres, Routledge.
Gerhardt, Uta (2002), Talcott Parsons. An Intellectual Biography, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Alexander, Jeffrey C. (1983), Theoretical Logic in Sociology, vol. 4, The Modern Reconstruction of Classical Thought. Talcott Parsons, Berkeley, CA, University of California Press.
Parsons, Talcott, Robert F. Bales e Edward Shils (1953), Working Papers in the Theory of Action, Nova Iorque, The Free Press.
Parsons, Talcott (1951), The Social System, Nova Iorque, The Free Press.
Parsons, Talcott (1937), The Structure of Social Action, Nova Iorque, McGraw-Hill.
## De e sobre Talcott Parsons
Turner, Jonathan H. (2013), Theoretical Sociology: 1830 to the Present, Newbury Park, CA, Sage.
Turner, Jonathan H. (2003), The Structure of Sociological Theory, 7.ª ed., Belmont (California), Wadsworth.
Turner, Jonathan H. (org.) (2001), Handbook of Sociological Theory, Nova Iorque, Kluwer Academic.
Turner, Bryan S. (org.) (2000), The Blackwell Companion to Social Theory, 2.ª ed., Oxford, Blackwell.
Ritzer, George (org.) (2003), The Blackwell Companion to Major Comtemporary Social Theorists, Oxford, Blackwell.
Ritzer, George (org.) (2003), The Blackwell Companion to Major Classical Social Theorists, Oxford, Blackwell.
Knorr-Cetina, Karin, e Aaron V. Cicourel (orgs.) (1981), Advances in Social Theory and Methodology. Towards an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies, Londres, Routledge.
Giddens, Anthony, e Jonathan H. Turner (orgs.) (1987), Social Theory Today, Cambridge, Polity.
The Micro-Macro Link, Berkeley, University of California Press.
Alexander, Jeffrey C., Bernhard Giesen, Richard Münch e Neil J. Smelser (orgs.) (1987),
Alexander, Jeffrey C. (1987), Sociological Theory Since 1945, Londres, Hutchinson.
Abrutyn, Seth (org.) (2016), Handbook of Contemporary Sociological Theory, Nova Iorque, Springer.
## Manuais, obras de referência
# Bibliografia complementar
Buckley, Walter (1967), ?Systems?, em Walter Buckley (1967), Sociology and the Modern Systems Theory, Nova Jérsia, Prentice-Hall, pp. 42-81.
Bhaskar, Roy (1989), ?Societies?, em Roy Bhaskar (1989), The Possibility of Naturalism. A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences, 2.ª ed., Londres, Harvester Wheatsheaf, pp. 25-79.
Archer, Margaret (1995), Realist Social Theory. The Morphogenetic Approach, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 135-161.
Específica: Archer
Bryant, Christopher G.A, e David Jary (2003), ?Anthony Giddens?, em George Ritzer (org.) (2003), The Blackwell Companion to Major Contemporary Social Theorists, Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 247-273.
Giddens, Anthony (1979, 2000), Dualidade da Estrutura. Agência e Estrutura, Oeiras, Celta [ed. original (1979): ?Agency, structure?, em Central Problems in Social Theory. Action, Structure and Contradiction in Social Analysis, Cambridge, Polity Press, pp. 49-95].
Giddens, Anthony (1984), The Constitution of Society. Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Cambridge, Polity.
Específica: Giddens
Dubois, Michel (2000), ?Itinéraire d?un sociologue critique: Raymond Boudon?, em Michel Dubois (2000), Premières Leçons sur la Sociologie de Raymond Boudon, Paris, PUF, pp. 3-19.
Boudon, Raymond, e François Bourricaud (1986), ?Action?, ?Agrégation?, ?Individualisme? e ?Rationalité?, em Raymond Boudon e François Bourricaud (1982), Dictionnaire Critique de la Sociologie, 2.ª ed., Paris, PUF, pp. 1-8, 16-23, 301-309 e 479-487.
Boudon, Raymond (2003), Raison, Bonnes Raisons, Paris, PUF.
Específica: Boudon
Fine, Gary Alan, e Philip Manning (2003), ?Erving Goffman?, em George Ritzer (org.) (2003), The Blackwell Companion to Major Contemporary Social Theorists, Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 34-62.
Goffman, Erving (1983), ?The interaction order?, American Sociological Review, 48 (1), pp. 1-17.
Goffman, Erving (1967), Interaction Ritual. Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior, Nova Iorque, Anchor Books.
Específica: Goffman
Lidz, Victor (2003), ?Talcott Parsons?, em George Ritzer (org.) (2003), The Blackwell Companion to Major Classical Social Theorists, Oxford, Blackwell, 2.ª ed., pp. 376-419.
Parsons, Talcott (1945), ?The present position and prospects of systematic theory in sociology?, em Talcott Parsons (1954), Essays in Sociological Theory, 2.ª ed., Nova Iorque, The Free Press, pp. 212-237.
Parsons, Talcott (1937), The Structure of Social Action, Nova Iorque, McGraw-Hill.
## Específica: Parsons
Turner, Jonathan H. (2003), ?Sociological theory?, em The Structure of Sociological Theory, 7.ª ed., Belmont (California), Wadsworth, pp. 1-20.
Scott, John (1995, 2012), ?Talcott Parsons: where it all began?, em John Scott (1995), Sociological Theory: Contemporary Debates, 2.ª ed., Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, pp. 29-71.
Scott, John (1995, 2012), ?Symbolic interaction and social constructs?, em John Scott (1995), Sociological Theory: Contemporary Debates, 2.ª ed., Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, pp. 114-137.
Scott, John (1995, 2012), ?Structure, function and system?, em John Scott (1995), Sociological Theory: Contemporary Debates, 2.ª ed., Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, pp. 72-88.
Scott, John (1995, 2012), ?Rational choice and social exchange?, em John Scott (1995), Sociological Theory: Contemporary Debates, 2.ª ed., Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, pp. 89-113.
Scott, John (1995, 2012), ?Conflict and colletive agency?, em John Scott (1995), Sociological Theory: Contemporary Debates, 2.ª ed., Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, pp. 138-156.
Pires, Rui Pena (2012), ?O problema da ordem?, Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas, 69, pp. 31-45.
Parsons, Talcott (1937), ?Tentative methodological implications?, em The Structure of Social Action, vol. 2, Nova Iorque, McGraw-Hill, pp. 727-775.
Parker, John (2000), ?Beyond the ?structurationists?: back to reality?, em John Parker (2000), Structuration, Buckingham, Open University Press, pp. 67-101.
Parker, John (2000), ?The ?structurationists??, em John Parker, (2000), Structuration, Buckingham, Open University Press, pp. 37-66.
Goffman, Erving (1967), ?The nature of deference and demeanor?, em Erving Goffman (1967), Interaction Ritual. Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior, Nova Iorque, Anchor Books, pp. 47-95.
Giddens, Anthony (1984), ?Elements of the theory of structuration?, em Anthony Giddens (1984), The Constitution of Society. Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Cambridge, Polity, pp. 1-40.
Boudon, Raymond (2003), ?Introduction: la théorie rationnelle de l'action sociale?? e ?Théorie du choix rationnel (TeR) ou modèle rationnel général (MRG)??, Raymond Boudon (2003), Raison, Bonnes Raisons, Paris, PUF, pp. 7-55.
Archer, Margaret (1995), ?Realism and morphogenesis?, em Margaret Archer (1995), Realist Social Theory. The Morphogenetic Approach, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 135-161.
Alexander, Jeffrey C. (1987), ?What is theory??, em Jeffrey C. Alexander (1987), Sociological Theory Since 1945, Londres, Hutchinson, pp. 1-21.
## Geral
# Bibliografia de trabalho

1.Introduction
Objectives, syllabus, bibliography; organization of seminars; global perspective and epistemological frame of qualitative research strategies.

2.Qualitative methodologies and research designs
From paradigms to research strategies; the debate quantitative-qualitative and methodological triangulation in sociological analysis.

3.Field research
Observational dynamics in sociological research; direct and participant observation; ethical problems in field-research. Seminar presentations.

4.Interviews
Interviewing: types, objectives, procedures; social relations in interview situations. Seminar presentations.

5. Comparative case studies
Why compare?; Case studies and comparative analysis; research design and case selection in comparative approaches; Seminar presentations.

Assessment throughout the semester:

a) Participation in seminars (requiring a careful reading of assigned bibliography), group presentation and discussion of the selected works, according to a previously fixed calendar (50%);
b) Personal essay consisting of a methodological analysis of one of the assigned researches (max 12 A4 pages, space 1.5, margin 3cm) (50%).

Mandatory

Becker, Howard (1996),'The Epistemology of Qualitative Research', in Jessor, R., A. Colby e R. A. Shweder (eds.) Ethnography and human development : context and meaning in social inquiry, Chicago, UCP, pp.53-71; Bertaux, Daniel (2020), As Narrativas de Vida, Lisboa, Mundos Sociais; Burgess, Robert G. (2001), A Pesquisa de Terreno. Uma Introdução, Oeiras, Celta Editora; Carmo, Renato Miguel do, Jorge Caleiras, Isabel Roque, Rodrigo Viera de Assis (2023), O Mundo do Trabalho a Partir de Baixo: Retratos e Percursos, Lisboa, Mundos Sociais; Denzin, Norman S. e Yvonne S. Lincoln (orgs.) (2000), The Handbook of Qualitative Research, Londres, Sage; Ragin, Charles C. e H. Becker, eds. (1992), What is a Case? Exploring the Foundations of Social Inquiry, Cambridge, CUP; Ragin, Charles (1994), Constructing Social Research. The Unity and Diversity of Method, Thousand Oaks, Pine Forge; Silverman, David (2017) Doing Qualitative Research (5th edition), London, Sage.

Optional

Abrantes, Pedro (2013), A Escola da Vida. Socialização e Biografias da Classes Trabalhadora, Lisboa, Editora Mundos Sociais.
Almeida, João Ferreira de, e Virgílio Borges Pereira (Orgs.) (2021), Ir e Voltar. Sociologia de uma Colectividade Local do Noroeste Português (1977-2007), Volume 2, Porto, Edições Afrontamento.
Alves, Nuno de Almeida, Frederico Cantante, Inês Baptista e Renato Miguel do Carmo (2011) Jovens em Transições Precárias. Trabalho, Quotidiano e Futuro, Lisboa, Editora Mundos Sociais.
Bailey, Kenneth D. (1994). Typologies and taxonomies. An introduction to classification techniques. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Blanchet, A. et. al. (1985) L'Entretien Dans les Sciences Sociales, Paris, Dunod.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1989), “Introdução a uma sociologia reflexiva”, in O Poder Simbólico, Lisboa, Difel, pp. 17-58.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1993) La Misère du Monde, Paris, Seuil.
Cachado, Rita Ávila (2012), “Transnacionalidade e História de Vida: Uma mulher hindu de regresso a Maputo”, Cadernos de Estados africanos, 24, pp. 141-163.
Caetano, Ana (2016), Pensar a Vida: Biografias e Reflexividade Individual, Lisboa, Editora Mundos Sociais.
Campos, Ricardo (2013), Introdução à Cultura Visual. Abordagens e Metodologias em Ciências Sociais, Lisboa, Editora Mundos Sociais.
Carmo, Renato Miguel do, e Ana Rita Matias (2019) Retratos da Precariedade: Quotidianos e Aspirações dos Jovens Trabalhadores, Lisboa, Tinta-da-China.
Carmo, Renato Miguel do, e Maria Madalena d'Avelar (2020) A Miséria do Tempo: Vidas Suspensas pelo Desemprego, Lisboa, Tinta-da-China.
Carmo, Renato Miguel do, Jorge Caleiras, Isabel Roque, e Rodrigo Vieira de Assis (2021), O Trabalho Aqui e Agora: Crises, Percursos e Vulnerabilidades, Lisboa, Tinta-da-China.
Carreiras, Helena (2004) Gender and the Military. Women in the Armed Forces of Western Democracies, London, Routledge.
Castells, Manuel (2013), Redes de Indignação e Esperança. Movimentos Sociais na Era da Internet, Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian.
Collier, David e James Mahoney (1996) "Insights and Pitfalls. Selection Bias in Qualitative Research", World Politics 49:56-91.
Costa, António Firmino da (1999), Sociedade de Bairro, Oeiras, Celta.
Darin Weinberg (Ed.), Qualitative Research Methods, Blackwell Publishers, 2002, pp. 79 - 111.
Demazière, Didier, e Claude Dubar (1997), Analyser les Entretiens Biographiques, Paris, Nathan.
Dexter, Lewis, (1970) Elite and Specialized Interviewing, Evanston, Northwestern University Press.
Ferraroti, F (1990) Histoire et Histoires de Vie. La Méthode Biographique dans les Sciences Sociales, Paris, Meridiens Klincksieck.
Fielding, Nigel & Fielding, Jane (1986). Linking data: the articulation of qualitative and quantitative methods in social research. Beverly Hills, London: Sage.
Foddy, William (1996), Como perguntar. Teoria e prática da construção de perguntas para entrevistas e questionários, Oeiras, Celta.
Geertz, Clifford (1973). The interpretation of cultures: selected essays. New York: Basic Books.
Grunberg, Gérard e Étienne Schweisguth (1996), ?Bourdieu et la misère: une approche réductioniste? in Revue Française de Science Politique, 46(1)
Holstein, James A. e Jaber F. Gubrium, The Active Interview, London, Sage, 1995.
Howard S. Becker, The Life History and the Scientific Mosaic, in
Kaufmann, Jean-Claude, (1996), L'Entretien Compréhensif, Paris, Nathan.
King, Gary, Kehoane, Robert, Verba, Sidney, (1994) Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research, Princeton, Princeton University Press.
Kvale, S. (1996) InterViews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Lahire, Bernard, (2004), “Patrimónios individuais de disposições. Para uma sociologia à escala individual”, Sociologia Problemas e Práticas, nº 48, pp. 11-42.
Lazarsfeld, Paul F. and Barton Allen H. (1951), "Qualitative measurement in the social sciences: classification, typologies and Indices", in Lerner, Daniel and Lasswell, Harold D. eds., The Policy Sciences, Stanford, Stanford University Press.
Lee, Raymond M. (2002), Métodos não Interferentes em Pesquisa Social, Lisboa, Gradiva.
Maxwell, Joseph A. (2005), Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2005.
May, Tim (2001) Social Research. Issues, Methods and Processes, Berkshire, Open University Press.
Michael Burawoy,(1998) "The Extended Case Method" in Sociological Theory, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Mar., 1998), 4-33.
Miller, G., e R. Dingwall (orgs.) (1997), Context & Method in Qualitative Research, Londres, Sage.
Munck, Gerardo (1998), "Canons of Research Design in Qualitative Analysis," Studies in Comparative International Development, Fall 1998
Pais, José Machado (2003 [2001]) Ganchos, Tachos e Biscates. Jovens,Trabalho e Futuro, Porto, Âmbar;
Pinto, José Madureira e Augusto Santos Silva (orgs.)(1984), Metodologia das Ciências Sociais, Porto, Edições Afrontamento.
Pinto, José Madureira, e João Queirós (Orgs.) (2010), Ir e Voltar. Sociologia de uma Colectividade Local do Noroeste Português (1977-2007), Volume 1, Porto, Edições Afrontamento.
Poirier, J., Clapier-Valladon,S. Raybaut, P. (1999) Histórias de Vida. Teoria e Prática, Oeiras, Celta
Ragin, Charles (1994) Constructing Social Research. The Unity and Diversity of Method,Thousand Oaks, Pine Forge
Ragin, Charles (1997), "Turning the tables: How case-oriented research challenges variable-oriented research", Comparative Social Research, 16:27-42
Ragin, Charles C. (1987) The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London, University of California Press;
Rubin, J. and Rubin, I. S. (1995) Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Scott, J. (1990) A Matter of Record: Documentary Sources in Social Research, Cambridge, Polity Press.
Seale, C. (1999) The Quality of Qualitative Research, London, Sage;
Silverman, David (2017) Doing Qualitative Research (5th edition), London, Sage
Silverman, David (ed.)(2011) Qualitative Research (3rd ed), London, Sage
Velho, Gilberto (1981), "Observando o familiar", em Individualismo e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro, Zahar, pp. 121-132;
Velho, Gilberto (1994), "Unidade e fragmentação em sociedades complexas" em, Projecto e Metamorfose, Rio de Janeiro, Jorge Zahar Editor
Walker, R. ed. (1985), Applied Qualitative Research, Aldershot, Gower.
War-Schofield, J. (1993) "Increasing the generalisability of qualitative research" in M. Hammersley, ed. Social Research: Philisophy, Politics and Practice, London, Open University, Sage
Webb, Elizabeth; Campbell, Donald; Schwartz, Robert & Sechrest, Lee (1966). Unobtrusive measures: non-reactive research in the social sciences. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Weinberg, Darin (2002) (ed.), Qualitative Research Methods, Blackwell Publishers
Whyte, William Foote (1993) [1943], Street Corner Society. The Social Structure of an Italian Slum, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press [versão em português: Whyte William Foote (2005 [1943, 1955], Sociedade de Esquina. A Estrutura Social de uma Área Urbana Pobre e Degradada, Rio de Janeiro, Jorge Zahar Editor.]

The syllabus will be adjusted each year to the research projects presented and carried out by the PhD students. It will include: a) a tutorial component, with specific topics for each student, provided by their supervisors; b) a seminar component, with discussion of shared topics on sociological research and analysis, based on the presentation of research papers by the PhD students and comments by professors; c) a conference component, with debate of high scientific level research and analysis, performed and ongoing, presented by renowned researchers and scholars, national and from abroad; a public presentation of the work at a Doctoral Colloquium.

Each year PhD students present a research paper to the doctoral research and a progress report (required for year transition) that is evaluated by Evaluation Panel appointed by the doctorate's scientific committee.In 3rd year present and discuss a communication at the Doctoral Colloquium.Their participation in international conferences is monitored. Thesis is publicly discussed and evaluated by a scientific jury(Articles 31º e 32º, NRGD do ISCTE-IUL)

Mandatory

Not applicable.
Não se aplica.

Optional

Not applicable.
Não se aplica.